Subvoyage 9079
Subvoyage 9079The unique numerical identifier for each subvoyage entry that has automatically been created by the ESTA database. was carried out by over as part of ESTA voyage 5396The unique numerical identifier for each voyage entry that has automatically been created by the ESTA database. (Kaiping Zhen - Beijing, around 1656).
| Location of departure (source): The location from which a subvoyage departs, exactly as presented in the source(s). | Kaiping Zhen |
| Location of departure (standardized): The departure location as standardized by the author of the data or by authorized, registered, and logged ESTA editors. | Kaiping Zhen |
| Departure location status: Status of departure location, recording any uncertainties or irregularities. | |
| Departure date (source): The date of departure, exactly recorded as present in the source(s). A reference is included if a calendar other than Gregorian is used. | 1656-05-29 |
| Departure date (standardized): The (alternative) date of departure, standardized by the author of the data or by authorized, registered, and logged ESTA editors according to the Gregorian calendar in day-month-year style. | Before 29-5-1656 |
| Departure date status: The status of the departure date, recording any uncertainties or irregularities, as well as indicating relative dates, date ranges and date alternatives. | Relative |
| Location of arrival (source): The location where a subvoyage arrives, exactly as presented in the source(s). | Beijing |
| Location of arrival (standardized): The arrival location as standardized by the author of the data or by authorized, registered, and logged ESTA editors. | Beijing |
| Arrival location status: Status of arrival location, recording any uncertainties or irregularities. | |
| Arrival date (source): The date of arrival, exactly recorded as present in the source(s). A reference is included if a calendar other than Gregorian is used. | 1656-05-29 |
| Arrival date (standardized): The (alternative) date of arrival, standardized by the author of the data or by authorized, registered, and logged ESTA editors according to the Gregorian calendar in day-month-year style. | 29-5-1656 |
| Arrival date status: The status of the arrival date, recording any uncertainties or irregularities, as well as indicating relative dates, date ranges and date alternatives. | Confirmed |
| Slaving voyage status: The slaving voyage status indicates the probability of a subvoyage constituting a voyage intended to relocate enslaved persons. The status serves to differentiate between levels of certainty regarding the execution of slaving (sub)voyages and to record uncertainties pertaining to the presence of enslaved persons in this subvoyage. | Confirmed |
| Subvoyage notes: Notes that record details regarding the overall subvoyage or specifically its dates, locations, or success, including events such as mutiny and shipwreck. | -- |
| Subvoyage source: The complete source reference(s) of the data presented, either within the Subvoyage tab cluster or for the entirety of the subvoyage data. | Dataset ID: CC (0D188C55-4906-AC43-BF51-3DD3FE294D09). More info in Group notes. |
Enslaved persons
| Total number of enslaved (source): The total number of enslaved people on this subvoyage according to the source(s). | 1 |
| Total number of enslaved (standardized): The total number of enslaved people on this subvoyage, as standardized by the author of the data or by authorized, registered and logged ESTA editors. | 1 |
| Total number of enslaved status: The status of the total amount of enslaved persons, recording any uncertainties or estimates. | |
| Type of forced relocation: The type of forced relocation, according to the source(s). | -- |
| Type of forced relocation (standardized): The type of forced relocation, standardized. | |
| Mortality (source): Mortality of enslaved persons on subvoyage, according to the source(s). | -- |
| Mortality (standardized): Mortality of enslaved persons on subvoyage, standardized. | -- |
| Notes on the enslaved: Additional notes for details, including availability of any (other) details about the enslaved recorded in source, such as individual names and sale prices. | -- |
| Source(s) on the enslaved: The source(s) of the specific data on the enslaved on this subvoyage. | -- |
➔ Group(s) of enslaved have been identified, see Enslaved groups.
Enslaved groups
| Group ID: The identifier for this group, automatically created by the ESTA database. | 3357 |
| Number of enslaved in group The total number of enslaved individuals in this group, according to the source. | |
| Number of enslaved in group (standardized) The total number of enslaved individuals in this group, standardized. | 1 |
| Gender of enslaved in group The gender of the enslaved people in this group. | |
| Age of enslaved in group The age category of the enslaved in this group, as recorded in source. | |
| Ethnicity of enslaved in group Ethnicity or socio-cultural identity of the enslaved in this group, as recorded in the source(s). | -- |
| Physical state of enslaved in group Physical state of the enslaved in this group, as recorded in the source(s). | |
| Notes on this group Additional notes detailing this particular group of enslaved persons. | Song Er [宋二]. Trafficked [拐來開平人]. A person from Kaiping (loc. ambiguous) sold to Pi Si by Lan Yigui. QDSC-010-0107 is an early Qing report of investigation (1656) by the Bureau of Arrests, a judicial and police instance that depended on the Board of Punishments, and was mainly in charge of runaway banner people. The case is a complicated affair first handled by banner officials from the concerned garrison (nanying 南營, in Beijing). The case is labelled as one of harboring of runaway banner women (woni qixia taofu 窩匿旗下逃婦) and trafficking activities (guaifan renkou renfan 拐販人口人犯). The main issue concerns two runaway women, Da Jie and Er Jie. The first one is said to have run away and involved emotionally and “professionally” with a shop owner and trafficker named Pi Si; the second is said to have been abducted in Beijing and sold/given to Pi Si, who then gave her to his younger brother Pi Er. One main point under consideration is who bought or abducted who, who participated in the sales (as buyer, seller, middleman, witness, and even for weighting silver and registering transactions on the banner registers), and whose money was used to buy who. The case of Da Jie seems to have triggered the whole case, as she was arrested as a runaway, despite Pi Si having bought her (using money from his trafficking operations) under a false name (probably because as a Han commoner he couldn’t buy a Manchu woman, whatever her status). The document contains 38 statements written in the first person, provided either during the initial investigation or during the investigation by the Bureau of Arrests. The Bureau officials ask direct questions and attempt to disentangle the facts and get the truth from contradictory statements. The investigation also uncovers extended trafficking activities organized by Pi Si and his main associate, a bannerman named Jin Chengyuan, between the end of the 11th year and the middle of the 13th of the Shunzhi era. Names, sale and resale prices, and origins of about 20 victims are provided, but information about trafficking is difficult to reconstruct. Often, the only origin provided is the residence location of the victim, which does not mean that they were abducted there (e.g., “an abducted person from Kaiping does not mean that the said person was abducted in Kaiping). However, Pi Si and Jin Chengyuan also acknoledge to have been abducting people “everywhere” (在各處拐人): Pi Si waited for them in Beijing, where he received the victims. Besides, destination locations are somehow vague (e.g., “sold beyond the passes” or “to a person from East of the passes”), and the place where Pi Si received trafficked persons could either be Tongzhou or Beijing, both places where Pi Si was often present. Besides Jin Chengyuan, the Jin brothers, and the two “runaways”, many actors are mentioned in this case: Pi Si’s associates (Yue Hu, Liu Er, Yu Er, Lan Yigui, and others), victims of trafficking, banner officials who helped register the transactions and pay the taxes, Da Jie’s old mistress and her new husband, the ward of a vagrants’ house (qiliusuo 栖流所) where Pi Si and Pi Er took residence, the city door watchman who showed them the vagrants’ house, banner officers, etc. According to accomplice and reseller Jin Chengyuan, all the persons trafficked by Pi Si and sold to Jin were reistered and their names could be verified on the banners registers. In his initial statement, Pi Si acknowledges to be a trafficker, born in Shanxi province and residing in Tongzhou, who associated with Jin Chengyuan. Pi acquired people at 4 liang from his associates and sold them to Jin at 8 liang (although the price of individual sales varies from that rule). Jin then had the transactions registered, using false Manchu officers’ names, in order to make property in people legitimate. Once taxes were paid to the office of commercial taxes (shuike si 稅課司) at Haidaimen 海岱門 (i.e., chongwenmen 崇文門), he could re-sell people at a price between 20 and 30 liang. Pi Si acknowledges having sold 100+ persons in this manner to Jin Chengyuan. He is accused of having abducted Er Jie in Beijing, and acknowledges to have had sexual intercourse with Da Jie, whose mistress wanted to sell her. At some point, it seems that Da Jie had good relations with her former mistress (mu zhuzi 母主子), and that the couple attempted to become “household members” of Meng Ge 猛格, the widow’s new husband. The conclusions of the arrest Bureau are that Er Jie, who actually ran away but was abducted, should receive 100 lashes (pian), minus one degree (considering that she was interrogated in a hot period, reshen 熱審), tattooed and sent back to her master. Other principals should be transferred to the Ministry for judgement, while the associates who had not yet been arrested should be swiftly. Da Jie, as it turns out, should be treated as a runaway. |
Transport
| Transport name: Name of the vessel or vehicle carrying out the (intended) transport of enslaved. | -- |
| Transport type (source): Means of transport type or category as per source(s). | -- |
| Transport type (standardized): Means of transport type or category, standardized. | -- |
| Transport capacity: The capacity of the vessel or vehicle (e.g., tonnage). | -- |
| Transport designation: The designation of the vessel or vehicle (nationality or flag). | -- |
| Transport designation (standardized): Designation of vessel or vehicle (nationality or flag), standardized. | -- |
| Transport notes: Additional notes for details regarding transportation. | -- |
| Transport source: The complete source reference(s) of specific data on transportation. | -- |
Agents
No data on agents attached to this subvoyage.
Cargo
No data on cargo attached to this subvoyage.